Generation Z, defined as individuals born between 1995 and 2009, has grown up during a period of rapid economic and technological development. Since 1995, China has seen a significant advancement in Internet media holography, alongside the rise of new technologies and industries. Known also as the network generation or the Internet generation, Generation Z has been immersed in the information network era from birth, becoming adept with emerging technologies and electronic devices such as computers and mobile phones. In China, the effects of the one-child policy mean that a high proportion of Generation Z are only children, resulting in increased parental focus and investment. Consequently, this generation enjoys a richer material and spiritual life compared to their predecessors, marked by a pursuit of individuality and freedom. They harbor new ideas and diverse hobbies, which are reflective of the rapidly evolving society around them. However, with these advancements and increased family attention, Generation Z also faces unprecedented pressures and challenges.

Generation X is characterized by its focus on accumulating wealth and prioritizing the creation of original wealth over indulgence in consumption. This generation values stability and a methodical approach to life, placing importance on social belonging, kinship, and traditional definitions of success. Having experienced significant economic growth and wealth accumulation, Generation X possesses considerable disposable income. Members of Generation X exhibit strong loyalty and a deep sense of belonging to their family, home, and community. Despite generally lower levels of formal education compared to later generations, the impact of economic reforms and their own efforts enabled Generation X to significantly contribute to the original wealth accumulation of both society and individuals. This foundational economic role has defined their unique position within the broader socio-economic landscape.

Generation Z and Generation X represent two distinct cohorts connected by kinship, with Generation X often being the parental generation to Generation Z. The formal incorporation of the family planning policy into the Chinese Constitution in 1982 profoundly impacted these generations. Due to this policy, Generation Z members are predominantly only children, a factor that has significantly influenced family dynamics within Chinese society. The decrease in family size prompted Generation X to place a greater emphasis on their children’s education and overall family investment. This shift in focus reflects broader social changes and has intensified the attention parents pay to their offspring. However, this increased focus sometimes leads to clashes in perspectives between the generations, as evolving societal norms and individual aspirations diverge.